External exposure would occur when people were exposed to radiation outside of their bodies from the blast or its fallout. People may experience two types of exposure from radioactive materials from a nuclear blast: external exposure and internal exposure.
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These effects range from mild, such as skin reddening, to severe effects such as cancer and death, depending on the amount of radiation absorbed by the body (the dose), the type of radiation, the route of exposure, and the length of time of the exposure. While severe burns would appear in minutes, other health effects might take days or weeks to appear.
Individuals near the blast site would be exposed to high levels of radiation and could develop symptoms of radiation sickness (called acute radiation syndrome, or ARS). Those who look directly at the blast could experience eye damage ranging from temporary blindness to severe burns on the retina. People may experience moderate to severe skin burns, depending on their distance from the blast site. In a nuclear blast, injury or death may occur as a result of the blast itself or as a result of debris thrown from the blast. However, a nuclear blast would likely cause great destruction, death, and injury, and have a wide area of impact. The effects on a person from a nuclear blast will depend on the size of the bomb and the distance the person is from the explosion. Fallout is radioactive and can cause contamination of anything on which it lands, including food and water supplies. Because fallout is in the form of particles, it can be carried long distances on wind currents and end up miles from the site of the explosion. The condensed radioactive material then falls back to the earth this is what is known as fallout. As this vaporized radioactive material cools, it becomes condensed and forms particles, such as dust. Radioactive material from the nuclear device mixes with the vaporized material in the mushroom cloud. This creates the mushroom cloud that we associate with a nuclear blast, detonation, or explosion. Everything inside of this fireball vaporizes, including soil and water, and is carried upwards. When a nuclear device is exploded, a large fireball is created. The bombs dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki, Japan, at the end of World War II produced nuclear blasts. What is a nuclear blast?Ī nuclear blast, produced by explosion of a nuclear bomb (sometimes called a nuclear detonation), involves the joining or splitting of atoms (called fusion and fission) to produce an intense pulse or wave of heat, light, air pressure, and radiation. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has developed this fact sheet to describe what happens when a nuclear blast occurs, the possible health effects, and what you can do to protect yourself in this type of emergency. With the recent threats of terrorism, many people have expressed concern about the likelihood and effects of a nuclear blast.
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